tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26877128199433629442024-03-05T01:49:56.129-08:00Khan Traders Fishmeal We are one of the top most leading manufacturers, processors, exporters and suppliers of pure fishmeal an ingredient of poultry, animal and aquaculture feed in Ibrahim Haidri, the hub of fresh fish and seafood in Karachi Pakistan.Naeem Khanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01105118976085963088noreply@blogger.comBlogger30125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2687712819943362944.post-46280880471583706312017-08-18T16:08:00.001-07:002017-08-18T17:18:24.012-07:00Safe release of baby whale shark back into the ocean-(WWF)<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2CuJVNFhaQoEQm3Z583vdyoeUiAd1nc6YSq2eaoBUXKbv4z69O9JoKnX0hrYL4PjvdcV76SvLlvL9aLMId-DK4RJI2M0l0iMf2uEIGo6mG-GNPBeKOlhlNp_cNL737RKZY1_t8FwMlOxM/s1600/Baby+Wahle+Shark.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2CuJVNFhaQoEQm3Z583vdyoeUiAd1nc6YSq2eaoBUXKbv4z69O9JoKnX0hrYL4PjvdcV76SvLlvL9aLMId-DK4RJI2M0l0iMf2uEIGo6mG-GNPBeKOlhlNp_cNL737RKZY1_t8FwMlOxM/s400/Baby+Wahle+Shark.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="background: white; color: #2f2f2f; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Once freed from the net,
the pup started to move slightly, so assuming that it was alive and may
survive, the captain immediately instructed the crew to release it back into
the water. PHOTO: WWF-Pakistan</span></div>
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<b style="color: #2f2f2f; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-size: small;">By Naeem Khan</span></b><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">KARACHI: Quick thinking by fishermen, trained by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF)-Pakistan, helped them to rescue a 7.5-foot-long juvenile whale shark trapped in a gill-net and release it back into the ocean.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The fishermen, led by Captain Ali Akbar, came across the pup while they were fishing for</span><span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"> tunas about 2 kilometres north of Churna Island in Balochistan on Thursday.</span></div>
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According to Akbar, the baby whale shark was entangled in the net they had placed for catching fish. At first, the crew tried to disentangle the pup while the net was in the water, but when it did not show any body movement they heaved the net on board assuming that the pup had died.</div>
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However as the pup was freed from the net, while it was on board, it started to show some movement. After seeing the pup move, the captain quickly realized that the animal may survive and immediately instructed the crew to safely release it back in the waters. <a href="http://goo.gl/MHRxnG" style="text-align: justify;" target="_blank">goo.gl/MHRxnG</a></div>
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<span style="color: #212121; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />Photo: Courtesy By (WWF)-Pakistan & THE EXPRESS/Tribune.</span></div>
Naeem Khanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01105118976085963088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2687712819943362944.post-41722013277784423802017-08-17T14:54:00.001-07:002017-08-17T15:02:25.546-07:00Fishing boats arrival at Karachi’s harbour begins today<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_UZ2H0lV7n1VdmCOlw2Du0TrJlCpE1qYnHT1YLCFdq2EPnsZWTvN-Hi6uJNuh6PVg1Z0gTYkGMZP9eW1zsYTuIMxrgvpsbOPh8G42z03K8xNcfT-kV4tgv8c6_cQqoHjtouI1vzgX1RoI/s1600/fishes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="720" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_UZ2H0lV7n1VdmCOlw2Du0TrJlCpE1qYnHT1YLCFdq2EPnsZWTvN-Hi6uJNuh6PVg1Z0gTYkGMZP9eW1zsYTuIMxrgvpsbOPh8G42z03K8xNcfT-kV4tgv8c6_cQqoHjtouI1vzgX1RoI/s640/fishes.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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<b>Written By Naeem Khan</b></div>
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<b>Karachi: </b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Fishing boats and lunches arrival at Karachi, Ibrahim
Haidri and Korangi harbors have begun from deep sea to land first seafood catch of the new
season 2017, as fish, prawns & shrimps catch has increased and it is
expected that the catch of seafood from Arabian sea would be increased this year,
fishermen source disclose on Thursday.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify;">Spending between 15 to 20
days on the open sea, near to Baluchistan coastal belt close to Iran’s water,
crew of large fishing boats, lunches and vessels have started returning to the
fishing harbours of Karachi with huge increased catch this year as compared to
the last year catch, sources said.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">The Arabian Sea near to Makaran & Sindh coastal belt is
known for its excellent variety of Shrimps, Prawn, Fish and Crab which bring
some of the finest and most sought after seafood to connoisseurs around the
globe.</span></div>
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Naeem Khanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01105118976085963088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2687712819943362944.post-72585985336127919412017-08-14T15:11:00.000-07:002017-08-14T15:21:05.684-07:002017-Fishermen Jashn-e-Azadi Boats Rally In Open Sea<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC0-ZHrK2PXNDiNOBCrJdXQ0JPm5lEJ51krbGko37iMV7BjAad9QqyP-govu36irUIve10-jKw6MfaS3GEOfgz8Fmjmis7ybnDU04Z4EWOAiBjrRS3eIy1nZIyzgJESuswuyF8wp5fzTgd/s1600/Jasn+e+Aazadi+Rally+of+Bost.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="800" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC0-ZHrK2PXNDiNOBCrJdXQ0JPm5lEJ51krbGko37iMV7BjAad9QqyP-govu36irUIve10-jKw6MfaS3GEOfgz8Fmjmis7ybnDU04Z4EWOAiBjrRS3eIy1nZIyzgJESuswuyF8wp5fzTgd/s320/Jasn+e+Aazadi+Rally+of+Bost.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b>By Neem Khan</b><br />
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<b>Karachi:</b> More than 100 <span style="font-family: "georgia"; letter-spacing: 0.02px;">sea vessels, including fishing boats, trawlers and launches, hoisted the Pakistan flag as they chased one another into the Karachi Fish Harbour while returning from their fishing expedition for the Jashn-e-Azadi Boats Rally on Monday, 14 August.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia"; letter-spacing: 0.02px;">The rally, organised by the Pakistan Coast Guard in collaboration with the Native Island Fisherman Association, started from the breakwater and ended in the harbour.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia"; letter-spacing: 0.02px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia"; letter-spacing: 0.02px;">Speaking the annual rally, DG Pakistan Coast Guards said: “The aim of the exercise is to show solidarity with the nation. As you celebrate Independence Day on land, the fishermen do it in the waters. They also do it to show their solidarity with the armed forces.”</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.02px;">Prize were distributed among fishermen by the Director General Pakistan Coast Guards. He appreciated the efforts of fishermen and concerned department officials to make the rally successful. </span></span></div>
Naeem Khanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01105118976085963088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2687712819943362944.post-712469365845096882017-03-05T19:13:00.000-08:002017-03-05T19:13:26.687-08:00Presentation on Company Profile, Business, Products, Services and Processing of Khan Traders Fish Meal.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/FVSc7KDsSmI/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/FVSc7KDsSmI?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
<br />Naeem Khanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01105118976085963088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2687712819943362944.post-49553379113718100072017-01-03T07:46:00.001-08:002017-01-03T07:46:31.246-08:00Video Presentation on Processing of Fishmeal For Poultry, Animal and Aquaculture Feeds<iframe width="480" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/wle7r0Q3A1w" frameborder="0" allowFullScreen=""></iframe>Naeem Khanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01105118976085963088noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2687712819943362944.post-647908291246447882016-11-21T14:33:00.011-08:002016-12-05T04:51:00.786-08:00Premium Quality Fish Meal is Produced From Khan Traders Karachi for the Leading Buyers of the International Market<img height="238" src="https://scontent-mrs1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/15181438_948263858650643_5343767569181671071_n.jpg?oh=f42275d7d7022091f7cdea0e8dcd5559&oe=58C5D72B" width="400" /><br />
<img height="225" src="https://scontent-mrs1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/15095489_948263978650631_4211611163579765355_n.jpg?oh=1a08bbc2f8ed05afb42c73112fa62061&oe=58BF7ABA" width="400" /><br />
<img src="https://scontent-mrs1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/15134639_948266775317018_3279745418409501118_n.jpg?oh=89e3d0e57944c891a36a549fe230270a&oe=58D22E2F" /><img src="https://fb-s-c-a.akamaihd.net/h-ak-xla1/v/t1.0-9/15192610_948266798650349_4622821979367462638_n.jpg?oh=c38a33c87a8f95c0af640333b15393f3&oe=58C7FC47&__gda__=1490203497_1b1c5aeb4b0c3b7b813f4feb25d0afec" /><br />
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<b>Written By: Naeem Khan</b><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">With the great industrial experience, we are supplying the premium quality Fish Meal to the leading buyers of the market. The Fish Meal, we manufacture, is high in nutritional content and do not contains any harmful bacteria.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Our premium range of Fish Meal is majorly used for poultry, animal and aquaculture feed. We provide Fish Meal products in different processing methods and prices to suit the class of different industries. The products are C</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">ooker Dried, Wet Processed (100% Steam Dried), Plant Sterlized and Sun Dried (Whole Fish).</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">We are a company that manufactures pure fish meal from th</span><span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; display: inline; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">e fresh raw fish species caught from Arabian Sea. This raw material is brought to shore by a contact fleet of dedicated fishing vessels and trawlers. We make sure to keep the freshness of raw fish when the vessels and boats landing.</span><br />
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<span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; display: inline; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.85px;"><b>Product Description</b></span></span><br />
<span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; display: inline; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><b style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14.85px;"><br /></b></span>
<span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; display: inline; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.85px;">Fish meal is a commercial product made from both whole fish and the bones and offal from processed fish. It is a brown powder or cake obtained by rendering pressing the cooked whole fish or fish trimmings to remove most of the fish oil and water, and then ground. What remains is the fishmeal. Fishmeal is a nutrient-rich and high protein supplement feed ingredient used primarily in diets for domestic animals and sometimes used as a high-quality organic fertilizer.</span></span><br />
<span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; display: inline; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><br />We can guarantee 100% steam dried/ processed and sterilized fish meal from the fresh stock produced and marketed by us with following specifications.</span><br />
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<span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; display: inline; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><b>S.No ITEMS SPECIFICATION</b></span><br />
<span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; display: inline; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">1. PROTEIN % 50 - 60 %<br />2. MOISTURE - Approx % 10 %<br />3. ASH % 14 - 21 %<br />4. FAT - Max: % 16 %<br />5. SAND /SILICA - Approx % 02 %</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "allerta stencil" , serif; font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><b>PHYSICAL APPEARANCE:</b></span><br />
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<u><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Texture:</span></u><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Grinded,
free flowing, no lumps, cakes or dust.</span><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
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<u><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Colour:</span></u><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Light brown to tang brown.</span><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
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<u><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Odor:</span></u><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Fresh, not musty, sour, ammonia or burned.</span><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
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<u><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Contamination:</span></u><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">No adulteration at all.</span></span></h2>
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<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">During the preparation of
Fish Meal, we ensure best product specification, texture, physical appearance
and chemical analysis to high standard value, to produce a best fish meal for
poultry feed as an ingredient, result in to enhance the poultry feed quality.
Complete detail will be provided on request.</span><br />
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<span style="font-weight: normal;">Qulity Control:</span></h2>
<span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; display: inline; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">As part of the development of the Quality Management System, we concentrate on the efficiency and effectiveness of the processes, applying timely corrective measures when deviations appear and supplying the means and actions to constantly improve the whole production process.</span><br />
<span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; display: inline; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><br />With the best quality products at a very reasonable rate. Please do contact us for further details. looking forward to have a business deal with you in the times to come.</span><br />
<span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; display: inline; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><br />Please feel free to contact Khan Traders Karachi by e-mail: khan.traders021@gmail.com or Mobile # +923012352959 or visit and like us at Facebook: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/KhanTradersKarachi/">https://www.facebook.com/KhanTradersKarachi/</a><br /><b>Contact Person: Naeem Khan</b></span>Naeem Khanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01105118976085963088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2687712819943362944.post-74488363100623154942015-12-02T13:04:00.000-08:002016-11-29T14:19:05.836-08:00The production of fish meal and oil - 3. The process<h2 style="color: #004080; font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">
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<span class="showheader" style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">Produced by:</span> <span class="showtext" style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> Torry Research Station</span><span class="showheader" style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">Title: </span> <span class="showtitle" style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><a class="showlink" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="color: #6699ff; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 11px;" target="contentdoc">Fish meal...</a></span></h2>
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Posted By Naeem Khan</h2>
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Introduction</h2>
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This note briefly describes the manufacture, storage, composition and use of fish meal, and also touches on the problem of air pollution from fish meal plant.</div>
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The use of fish by-products for feeding animals is not a new idea; a primitive form of fish meal is mentioned in the Travels of Marco Polo at the beginning of the fourteenth century: ‘... they accustom their cattle, cows, sheep, camels and horses to feed upon dried fish, which being regularly served to them, they eat without any sign of dislike.’ The utilization of herring as an industrial raw material actually started as early as about 800 AD in Norway. A very primitive process of pressing the oil out of herring by means of wooden boards and stones was employed.</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="What is fish meal"></a>What is the fish meal?</h2>
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In the UK, the term fish meal means a product obtained by drying and grinding or otherwise treating fish or fish waste to which no other matter has been added. The term white fish meal is reserved for a product containing not more than 6 percent oil and not more than 4 percent salt, obtained from white fish or white fish waste such as filleting offal.</div>
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These are semilegal definitions, and for convenience fish meal can be defined as a solid product obtained by removing most of the water and some or all of the oil from fish or fish waste. Fish meal is generally sold as a powder, and is used mostly in compound foods for poultry, pigs and farmed fish; it is far too valuable to be used as a fertilizer.</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="What raw material is used"></a>What raw material is used?</h2>
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Virtually any fish or shellfish in the sea can be used to make fish meal, although there may be a few rare unexploited species which would produce a poisonous meal. The nutritional value of proteins from vertebrate fish differs little from one species to another; the whole shellfish would, however, give a nutritionally poorer meal because of the low protein content of the shell. Most of the world’s fish meal is made from whole fish; the pelagic species are used most for this purpose. Where a fishery catches solely for the fish meal industry, it is known as an industrial fishery.</div>
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Countries with major industrial fisheries are Peru, Norway and South Africa. Some countries like the UK make the fish meal from unsold fish and from offal, that is the heads, skeletons and trimmings left over when the edible portions are cut off. Other countries like Denmark and Iceland use both industrial fish and processing waste. Fish meal made mainly from filleting offal usually has a slightly lower protein content and a higher mineral content than the meal made from whole fish, but a high proportion of small whole fish in the raw material can have the same effect.</div>
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The following points are important when selecting species for an industrial fishery:</div>
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1. The species must be in large concentrations to give a high catching rate; this is essential because the value of industrial fish is less than that of fish for direct human consumption.2. The fishery should preferably be based on more than one species in order to reduce the effect of fluctuations in supply of any one species.<br />
3. The total abundance of long lived species varies less from year to year, and<br />
4. Species with a high fat content are more profitable, because the fat in fish is held at the expense of water and not at the expense of protein.</blockquote>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Preservation of the raw material"></a>Preservation of the raw material</h2>
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All fisheries experience periods of glut and scarcity, leaving the fish meal factory at times with no raw material to process and at other times with too much. Large amounts of unprocessed material cause storage and odour problems; moreover spoiled material becomes difficult to process and gives a lower yield.</div>
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No cheap, completely safe method of preservation has yet been found. Refrigeration is not usually economic, and the known chemical methods of preservation have some disadvantages. Sodium nitrate with formaldehyde is very effective, but unless its addition is very carefully controlled poisonous nitrosamines can be formed when the nitrite reacts with small amounts of trimethylamine in the fish; for this reason nitrite is not used in the UK. Formaldehyde alone is quite effective in keeping the fish firm enough for processing; it is most useful for species like sand eels that rapidly become semiliquid soon after catching. Although the addition of about 0-2 percent by weight of formaldehyde is often enough to provide the required toughening effect, the preservative effect is small at this dilution, and more formaldehyde may make the fish too tough to process.</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Manufacturing fish meal"></a>Manufacturing fish meal</h2>
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There are several ways of making the fish meal from raw fish; the simplest is to let the fish dry in the sun. This method is still used, in some parts of the world where processing plants are not available, but the product is poor in comparison with ones made by modern methods. Almost all fish meal is made by cooking, pressing, drying and grinding the fish in machinery designed for the purpose. Although the process is simple in principle, considerable skill and experience are necessary to obtain a high yield of high-quality product and to make the plant efficient. A typical process is shown diagrammatically in figure 1:</div>
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<b>Fig. 1. A typical process diagram.</b></div>
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<b>COOKING</b></div>
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When fish are cooked and the protein is coagulated, much of the water and oil runs off, or can be removed by pressing, whereas raw fish lose very little liquor even under very high mechanical pressure. A commercial cooker consists essentially of a long steam jacketed cylinder through which the fish are moved by a screw conveyor. Some cookers also have the facility for injecting steam into the cooking material. The cooking operation is critical; if the fish are incompletely cooked, the liquor cannot be pressed out satisfactorily, and if overcooked the material becomes too soft for pressing. No drying occurs during the cooking stage.</div>
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<b>PRESSING</b></div>
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This stage of the process removes some of the oil and water. The fish are conveyed through a perforated tube whilst being subjected to increasing pressure, normally by means of a tapered shaft on the screw conveyor. A mixture of water and oil is squeezed out through the perforations and the solid, known as press cake, emerges from the end of the press. During the pressing process, the water content may be reduced from about 70 percent to about 50 percent, and the oil content reduced to about 4 percent.</div>
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<b>PRESS LIQUOR</b></div>
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After screening to remove coarse pieces of solid material, the liquor from the presses is continuously centrifuged to remove the oil. The oil is sometimes further refined in a final centrifuge, a process known as polishing, before being pumped to storage tanks. The refined oil is valuable and is used in the manufacture of edible oils and fats, for example, margarine.</div>
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The water portion of the liquor, known as stickwater, contains dissolved material and fine solids in suspension which may amount to about 9 percent by weight. The solids are mostly protein and stickwater can contain as much as 20 percent of the total solids in the fish so that it is normally well worth recovering. The material is recovered by evaporating the stickwater to a thick syrup containing 30-50 percent solids, and sometimes marketed separately and known as condensed fish solubles. More usually, however, the concentrated product is added back to the press cake and dried along with it to make what is known as the whole meal.</div>
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<b>DRYING</b></div>
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Although basically a simple operation, considerable skill is required to get the drying conditions just right. If the meal is under dried, moulds or bacteria may be able to grow; if it is overdried, scorching may occur and the nutritional value of the meal will be reduced.</div>
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There are two main types of dryer, direct and indirect. In the direct dryer very hot air at a temperature of up to 500°C is passed over the material as it is tumbled rapidly in a cylindrical drum; this is the quicker method but heat damage is much more likely if the process is not carefully controlled. The meal does not reach the temperature of the hot air because rapid evaporation of water from the surface of each particle of fish causes cooling; normally the product temperature remains at about 100°C.</div>
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The most usual type of indirect dryer consists either of a steam jacketed cylinder or a cylinder containing steam heated discs which also tumble the meal.</div>
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Much of the unpleasant odour from fish meal plants originates from the dryers; indirect dryers, which are normally used in the UK, cause less nuisance because they use less air.</div>
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In the UK, where white fish offal is the main raw materials, the pressing stage is not essential, since the material contains only very small amounts of oil. The white fish meal can be produced by a simpler process of cooking and drying only. However the use of a pressing stage is increasingly favoured and there are two main reasons for this:</div>
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The plant has greater flexibility in that it may be used for white and oily fish, or a mixture of both.The removal of water by pressing, and evaporation of the stickwater obtained, is less expensive because the triple effect evaporators used are more efficient in terms of use of steam than are dryers.</blockquote>
<b style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">GRINDING AND BAGGING</b><br />
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The final operations are grinding to break down any lumps and particles of bone, and packing the meal into bags or storing it in silos for bulk delivery. From the fish meal factory, the meal is transported to the animal food compounder, and from there to the farm. The problems of storage and transport are discussed below.</div>
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<b>HYGIENE IN THE FACTORY</b></div>
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Contamination of the material during processing may seriously affect quality; microorganisms like <i>Salmonella</i> that may ultimately cause disease in man have to be kept out. Much can be done by good housekeeping in the plant, for example by keeping floors, walls and conveyors clean and by separating ‘wet’ and ‘dry’ areas of the plant but the processing machinery itself is often less readily accessible for cleaning. Contaminated water, from a dock, for example, should not be used for cooling or other purposes if it can come in contact with the fish or the fish meal.</div>
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The temperature during processing is normally high enough to kill any <i>Salmonella</i> present, but when a plant is restarted after a stoppage there is likely to be moist meal standing in the plant that will not reach a high enough temperature; for this reason it is now USA practice to recirculate the meal produced in the first 45 minutes after starting again.</div>
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<b>OTHER METHODS OF MANUFACTURE</b></div>
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Of the other processes used, the most well known is the heat transfer method, htm, developed in the USA, where oil added to a slurry of the raw material acts as a heat transfer medium. In some other methods, the presses are replaced by centrifuges, and in others the oil is removed by solvent extraction. A very high proportion of the world's fish meal is however manufactured by the process described above.</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Storage and transport of fish meal"></a>Storage and transport of fish meal</h2>
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Fish meal is not readily spoiled by bacterial action because of its low water content, and it has a very small bulk compared to the fish from which it is made; indeed, these are two of the main reasons for making fish meal. There is no need to refrigerate the meal in storage.</div>
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Fish meal is usually stored and transported either in sacks made of paper, hessian or plastics or in bulk. Fish meal in bulk is sometimes pelletized to make mechanical handling easier since it does not flow readily as a powder.</div>
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Fish oil present in the stored meal can react with oxygen in the atmosphere; the heat generated may damage the meal nutritionally and, on occasion, cause the meal to catch fire. Fortunately this is now a rather rare occurrence, due to the widespread use of antioxidants. Not all fish oils are equally reactive; some oily meals seem to require antioxidant treatment; whilst others do not. The most commonly used antioxidant is ethoxyquin; the amount used varies but is normally in the range 200-1000 mg/kg. Sacks of the newly made oily meal are frequently stored in ventilated stacks, particularly in hot climates. White fish meal, with a low oil content, does not require antioxidant treatment.</div>
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Fish meal is best kept in a cool dry place protected from rodents and birds. Spoilage is normally very slight even after excessively long periods of storage; the fish meal will keep for several years without a detectable change in its nutritional value.</div>
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Fish meal made from fatty fish, however, will show a gradual decrease in fat content, as measured by extraction with ether, unless antioxidants are present; this is because the fats slowly oxidize during storage and become relatively insoluble in common organic solvents. Oxidized fat is less valuable nutritionally because the animal cannot utilize it for its energy needs. The risk of taint to the animal flesh is much reduced, however, once the fats are oxidized.</div>
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Protection against contamination during the manufacture of a meal has been mentioned; protection during storage is equally important. The floors, walls and handling equipment in the store must be kept clean, and screens over doors and windows help to keep out birds and rodents that may be carriers of <i>Salmonella</i> organisms. Foot dips are sometimes provided to prevent workers carrying harmful bacteria into the store. The risk of contamination is generally much higher when handling meal in bulk, particularly during loading and unloading of transport.</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Composition and nutritional value"></a>Composition and nutritional value</h2>
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Before examining the composition of the finished meal, it is interesting to consider the composition of the intermediate products. Figure 2 shows the composition of the material at each stage of its flow through the process and is based on the assumption that the raw fish contain 70 percent water, 18 percent solids and 12 percent fat. It can be seen that more drying occurs in the evaporators than in the dryer. The composition of the intermediate products in this example is as follows:</div>
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<b><i>water</i></b></div>
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<b><i>solids</i></b></div>
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<b><i>fat</i></b></div>
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<b><i>material</i></b></div>
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<b><i>%</i></b></div>
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<b><i>%</i></b></div>
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<b><i>%</i></b></div>
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<tr valign="TOP"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP">raw fish</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
70</div>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
18</div>
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12</div>
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<tr valign="TOP"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP">press cake</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
53</div>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
44</div>
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3</div>
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<tr valign="TOP"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP">press liquor</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
78</div>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
6</div>
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16</div>
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<tr valign="TOP"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP">dilute stickwater</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
95</div>
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5</div>
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<1</div>
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<tr valign="TOP"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP">conc. stickwater</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
65</div>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
33</div>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
2</div>
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<tr valign="TOP"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP">fish meal</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
9</div>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
85</div>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
6</div>
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<br /><a href="http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/tan/x5926e/x5926e01.gif"><b>Fig. 2. The composition of material during the process.</b></a></div>
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Figure 2 shows a yield of 21 percent whole meal from oily fish of the assumed composition; in practice there may be some processing losses which will slightly reduce the actual yield. For example, raw material awaiting cooking will lose some drip as it spoils; since the lost liquor contains protein in solution, yield will decrease when the raw material is delayed for long periods. The extent of this loss varies from species to species.</div>
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The composition of the final product depends both on the kind of raw material and on the type of process. A whole meal made from fatty fish like herring might contain about 71 per cent protein, 9 percent fat, 8 percent water and 12 percent minerals, whereas a meal made mainly from white fish and white fish offal and dried to the same extent will contain about 66 per cent protein, 5 per cent fat, 8 per cent water and 21 per cent minerals.</div>
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Fish meal is valuable not only for the quantity but also the quality of its protein. By this is meant that the amino acids which make up the protein are present in just the right balance for animal or human nutrition. The amino acid composition of typical samples of herring meal and whitefish meal might be:</div>
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<b><i>herring meal</i></b></div>
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<b><i>white fish meal</i></b></div>
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<b><i>amino acid</i></b></div>
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<b><i>g/100 g protein</i></b></div>
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<b><i>g/100 g protein</i></b></div>
</td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP">lysine</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
7·7</div>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
6·9</div>
</td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP">methionine</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
2·9</div>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
2·6</div>
</td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP">tryptophan</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
1·2</div>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
0·9</div>
</td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP">histidine</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
2·4</div>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
2·0</div>
</td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP">arginine</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
5·8</div>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
6·4</div>
</td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP">threonine</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
4·3</div>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
3·9</div>
</td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP">valine</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
5·4</div>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
4·5</div>
</td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP">isoleucine</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
4·5</div>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
3·7</div>
</td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP">leucine</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
7·5</div>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
6·5</div>
</td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP">phenylalanine</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
3·9</div>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
3·3</div>
</td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP">cystine</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
1·0</div>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
0·9</div>
</td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP">tyrosine</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
3·1</div>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
2·6</div>
</td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP">aspartic acid</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
9·1</div>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
8·5</div>
</td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP">serine</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
3·8</div>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
4·8</div>
</td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP">glutamic acid</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
12·8</div>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
12·8</div>
</td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP">proline</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
4·2</div>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
5·3</div>
</td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP">glycine</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
6·0</div>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
9.9</div>
</td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP">alanine</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
6·3</div>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" valign="TOP"><div align="CENTER">
6·3</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="font-family: Arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">
<br />Not only is the balance of amino acids in fish meal suitable for animal feeding, but the availability of the essential amino acids is also greater in fish meal than for example in meat meal; available means capable of being liberated by the animal’s digestive juices and utilized by it, and essential acids are those the animal must have in its diet. The first ten amino acids in the table are those believed to be essential for growing animals. Fish meal is also a valuable source of the minerals calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, potassium, of vitamins B<sub>1</sub>, B<sub>2</sub>, B<sub>6</sub> and B<sub>12</sub>, and of trace elements, notably zinc, iodine, iron, copper, manganese, cobalt, selenium and fluorine.</div>
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In many feeding trials, animals fed on diets containing a similar amino acid composition to fish meal have grown less well than those fed on fish meal itself; this has led to the hypothesis that fish meal contains an unidentified growth factor sometimes abbreviated to UGF. However this ingredient has never been isolated, and in other experimental feeding, results with carefully supplemented vegetable protein diets have been as good as with fish meal. The answer to this problem may be simply that fish meal contains such a wide range of nutritionally valuable materials that whatever is lacking in the diet fish meal can provide it. Thus the attribute of UGF may be due to nutritional balance rather than to the presence of some unknown, and as yet unisolated growth-promoting substance.</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="How is fish meal used"></a>How is fish meal used?</h2>
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Fish meal in the UK was used mainly as a fertilizer until about 1910, but since then its high nutritional value has been far better utilized in animal feeding. The demand in the UK for fish as fish meal is far greater than the demand for fish for direct human consumption; therefore imports of fish meal to the UK are high. The pig and poultry industries producing large amounts of bacon and eggs, pork and chicken, at relatively low prices could not survive without large scale use of high protein animal foods like fish meal. Usually about 10 per cent of the diet of pigs and poultry consists of fish meal; 10 per cent is the upper limit for meal containing 10 per cent fat, because more than about 1 per cent of fish oil in the diet of the animal may taint the taste of its flesh. Much of the UK production is of white fish meal with a fat content low enough to eliminate any risk of taint. Fish meals with an extremely low fat content are sometimes made for certain specialized purposes.</div>
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Other uses of fish meal include the feeding of mink, farmed fish, dogs, cats and cattle. Very small amounts of specially processed meals have been used in prepared foods for humans, and fish meal is also used in the preparation of certain antibiotics for the pharmaceutical industry.</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="How are fish oils used"></a>How are fish oils used?</h2>
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Fish oils are produced whenever fatty fish are processed into meal. In Europe they are widely used in the manufacture of edible oils and fats, for example margarine. Other uses include the paint and varnish industry. In addition, there are several other specialized uses for small quantities of fish OILS. Fish oils usually have to be low in free fatty acids, less than 2 per cent, to obtain the best price; production of high quality fish oils depends on the use of fresh raw material, proper purification and good storage.</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Measuring the quality of fish meal"></a>Measuring the quality of fish meal</h2>
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Since fish meal contributes so many of the necessary ingredients of a diet, quality can be measured only on the basis of specific components; no single laboratory test has been or is likely to be devised that can give a total estimate of quality. Furthermore, all tests other than feeding trials are rather artificial; the growth record of the animal is the best standard. Feeding trials however are expensive and time consuming; thus the possibility of using chemical or physical tests is attractive.</div>
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The pepsin digestibility test can distinguish between a very poor meal that has suffered heat damage and a good, properly processed meal, but these could probably be distinguished by colour alone; the test is thus of limited practical use.</div>
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A total amino acid analysis gives useful information about the meal but is very expensive and tells nothing about the availability of individual acids to the animal being fed. Alternatively, the availability of a single important amino acid like lysine is often measured; this is probably the most useful approach, but nothing is then known about the other components. In short, there is no single comprehensive test for quality. The requirements of the user may vary; for example fish meal may be included in one diet primarily for its methionine content but, in another, methionine in fish meal may be unimportant because it is supplied by other foods.</div>
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A very important measure of fish meal quality is its freedom from microorganisms that cause disease in man by contaminating the animals he eats; <i>Salmonella</i> is generally of most concern in this respect. The need for good housekeeping practice in the fish meal factory and store has already been emphasized for this reason.</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Can fish protein concentrate be made from fish meal"></a>Can fish protein concentrate be made from the fish meal?</h2>
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Fish meal is a fish protein concentrate, but the term fish protein concentrate, FPC, usually means a material suitable for human consumption. Fish meal prepared under hygienic conditions can be FPC in this sense, and small amounts made from white fish meal have been sold for incorporation in other foods. The specification for some types of FPC demands a very low fat content and in some plants it is possible to treat the press cake or the meal with a solvent to extract the fat. However it may be preferable to extract the fat from the raw material rather than from the finished meal when making FPC of very low fat content. The manufacture and uses of FPC are described in Advisory Note 39.</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="The reduction of smell from fish meal plants"></a>The reduction of smell from fish meal plants</h2>
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Fish meal manufacture is often associated with a characteristic unpleasant smell in the neighbourhood of the factory. The smell comes mainly from the dryers, where hot air passes over the fish and carries away vapours. The smell often arouses opposition among people living or working near the factory, and planning permission for a new plant is frequently difficult to obtain.</div>
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The chemicals in the effluent vapours from a fish meal plant are very much diluted, and are normally not harmful, but they are particularly smelly even when present in very low concentrations; thus the smell from a fish meal plant is often noticeable to a public that remains unaware of air pollution from industrial processes that produce little or no smell.</div>
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There is no simple way of reducing the smell, but much can be done to alleviate the problem. Fresh raw material causes less trouble than stale; therefore rapid handling and processing has a beneficial effect. It is also important to keep the plant clean; all floors and working surfaces should be regularly washed. Complaints about smell when a factory is not operating are almost always due to fish remaining unprocessed in the storage pits; a cover over the pits helps considerably. Scraps of fish or partially processed material left around the plant or in parts of the machinery will decay and also add to the smell.</div>
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A suitable scheme for dealing with the effluent air from the dryers might be to condense the vapours, possibly in an indirect condenser to reduce water pollution and then incinerate them at a fairly high temperature, thus oxidizing the organic components to simple odourless substances such as carbon dioxide and water.</div>
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Incineration can be done either in the plant’s steam raising boiler or in a separate incinerator, but there is not yet enough experience to indicate whether these are equally effective. Use of the steam boiler is attractive in that there are no additional fuel costs, but boilers are not designed to mix and incinerate polluted air and the effect on boiler life is not known.</div>
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Separate incineration means putting the vapours through an afterburner specifically designed for the purpose; incineration can continue even when the plant boiler is not running. The polluted air must be raised to a high temperature, at least 600°C, to oxidize the organic substances; thus cost may be high. By using a catalyst the vapours can be incinerated at a much lower temperature, about 350°C, thus reducing fuel cost, but little is yet known about catalyst life. The final choice between a boiler, an afterburner, and an afterburner with a catalyst will depend on the effectiveness and the economics of each method as well as on local circumstances, for example abundance of cheap water, distance of the boiler from the dryers, and fuel cost. Recirculation of the air used in drying can make considerable saving in fuel consumption of the afterburner by reducing the amount of air to be incinerated, and makes the use of the plant’s steam boiler as an incinerator more practicable.</div>
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The problem of reducing odour is a complex one and further work on the effectiveness of the various methods outlined above and others will be needed before a complete solution is found.</div>
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There is a growing awareness of the danger and unpleasantness of air and water pollution, and it is likely that these issues will continue to be of great concern to the fish meal industry.</div>
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Source:</div>
Naeem Khanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01105118976085963088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2687712819943362944.post-86777351817218477002015-07-27T17:58:00.000-07:002016-11-29T14:19:05.840-08:00Fishing season begins after two month break<img alt="Fishing season begins after two-month break" height="228" src="https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/jc/AAEAAQAAAAAAAAPMAAAAJDM2YTIyNmFjLTlmYTItNGMwNi05OWYxLWQyOTZlOGY3MTRmZg.jpg" width="400" /><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;">Written By Naeem Khan</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;">It is informed to all concerned that fishing season is going to begin from August, 1 this year. Port Clearance (PCs), Passes and other documents to crew of deep Sea going fishing boats, vessels and launches are being issued by Fisheries and Sea Custom departments.</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;">The government imposes a ban every year on fishing between June and July as it is a breeding season in the coastal belt of Sindh and Balochistan to ensure protection and preservation of young fish species, including the shrimp.</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;">The Pakistani territorial waters are considered rich in marine life with a vast variety of species having a huge commercial value. However, this potential is never fully reflected in the country's export earnings from fisheries sector.</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;">Fishermen are preparing to take on the high Seas again as the fishing activity resumes after a two months break. Some are busy breaking up slabs of ice before loading them onto the boats, some are loading gas cylinders and food rations while others checked their nets for tears and holes that needed mending. </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;">As the deep sea fishing season will resume here on Saturday, Ist August 2015 with prayers and handing of permits to fishermen reading their boats for long fishing expeditions in the deep sea.</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;">Our fishing boats, vessels and launches are ready to sail from different fishing harbours and jetties on August 1 this year for catching fishes and other Sea foods items. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;">Please don't hesitate to ask any question from us, if any by e-mail: khan.traders021@gmail.com or Mobile # +923012352959 or visit our blog:</span><a class="ot-anchor aaTEdf" dir="ltr" href="http://khanfishmeal.blogspot.com/" jslog="10929; track:click" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-transition: color 0.218s; background-color: white; color: #427fed; cursor: pointer; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.218s;" target="_blank">http://khanfishmeal.blogspot.com/</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;"> or follows on Facebook at </span><a class="ot-anchor aaTEdf" dir="ltr" href="https://www.facebook.com/KhanFishMeal" jslog="10929; track:click" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-transition: color 0.218s; background-color: white; color: #427fed; cursor: pointer; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.218s;" target="_blank">https://www.facebook.com/KhanFishMeal</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;"> </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;"><br /></span>Naeem Khanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01105118976085963088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2687712819943362944.post-88594779860422257362015-05-02T14:39:00.000-07:002016-11-29T14:19:05.847-08:00Fishermen turn down draft of Sindh Fisheries and Aquaculture Bill, 2015<img alt="Fishermen turn down draft of Sindh Fisheries and Aquaculture Bill, 2015" src="http://e96dbbdad80e5729791c-0fb6f6e9c8482b2125d63c4061d262b1.r61.cf6.rackcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/fishermen-640x330.jpg?5f40ed" height="206" width="400" /><br />
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KARACHI: The fishermen have rejected the Sindh Fisheries and Aquaculture Bill, 2015 during a provincial dialogue on fisheries policy and fisheries related legislation in Sindh organised by the Pakistan Fisherfolk Forum (PFF).</div>
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The fishermen’s representatives argued that the bill would bring the controversial fishing contract system back to the province’s inland and marine waters and deprive small fishermen of their livelihoods.</div>
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Highlighting their concerns, the speakers regretted that an attempt was being made to re-introduce the controversial contract system that was abolished after a long struggle in 2011 through an amendment to the fisheries ordinance of 1980.</div>
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“The proposed bill that would replace all previous legislations and is presently with the law department for vetting is in contrast to fishermen’s fundamental rights. We hope that the government would consider our demand and drop the clauses in the proposed draft that speak about the lease fishing system,” said Mustafa Gurgaze of the PFF.</div>
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According to him, the proposed bill is not in accordance with the International Labour Organization convention on fisheries and makes no mention of important issues like climate change and disaster risk reduction.</div>
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Minister of fisheries and livestock Jam Khan Shoro, director inland fisheries Khawar Pervaiz Awan, Haji Shafi Jamote, Zulfiqar Ali Shah representing the Pakistan Institute of Labour Education and Research also spoke on the occasion.</div>
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News Source:<a href="http://customstoday.com.pk/f">http://customstoday.com.pk/f</a></div>
Naeem Khanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01105118976085963088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2687712819943362944.post-87908080768964956622015-04-16T13:17:00.005-07:002016-11-29T14:19:05.843-08:00One Of The Most Trusted Name In Fish Meal Industry<div style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, 'lucida grande', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.3199996948242px; margin-bottom: 6px;">
<b>Written By Naeem Khan</b><br />
<img height="400" src="https://scontent-lhr.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-xpa1/v/t1.0-9/934823_593613740782325_6112990249737989224_n.jpg?oh=2e71c3c80468e8af38ac71ceaa55ac29&oe=55A4CCB3" width="400" /></div>
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We are one of the top most leading manufacturers, processors, exporters and suppliers of pure fish meal an ingredient of poultry and animal feed in Ibrahim Haidari, the hub of fresh fish and seafood in Karachi Pakistan.</div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14.8500003814697px; line-height: 20.7900009155273px;">We are pleased to introduce ourselves under the title of "KHAN TRADERS" dealing with poultry and animal feed.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14.8500003814697px; line-height: 20.7900009155273px;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14.8500003814697px; line-height: 20.7900009155273px;">We are a company that manufactures pure fish meal for poultry feeds from the fresh raw fish species caught from Arabian Sea. This raw material is brought to shore by a contact fleet of dedicated fishing vessels and trawlers. We make sure to keep the freshness of raw fish when the vessels and boats landing. Our fish meal is produced in a very careful environment while keeping the HACCP in full check.</span></div>
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<img height="266" src="https://fbcdn-sphotos-f-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-xfp1/v/t1.0-9/10372253_558403670969999_2447885195856005759_n.jpg?oh=ea2bdee5fb107d1cadf6fa46f5537e0e&oe=55E3556D&__gda__=1440714980_5c721ec874a16c7469525690b6b39951" width="400" /></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14.8500003814697px; line-height: 20.7900009155273px;">Khan Traders is an ambitious trading company with an extensive background in preparation of fish meal beside catching fresh fish and seafoods marketing. </span>Aspiring to be a one of the most trusted name among fish meal manufacturers, Khan Trader’s fish meal is backed by research, state of the art production process and high standers of quality.</div>
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<span style="line-height: 19.3199996948242px;">With the best quality products at a very reasonable rate. Please do contact</span><span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline; line-height: 19.3199996948242px;"> us for further details. looking forward to have a business deal with you in the times to come.</span></div>
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Please feel free to contact Khan Traders Karachi by e-mail: khan.traders021@gmail.com or Mobile # +923012352959 or visit our blog: <a href="http://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fkhanfishmeal.blogspot.com%2F&h=gAQHoaPmm&enc=AZNImJJsE4kBZQY5bF7KfwkGnFqQn2IVW0xilblCZ-U2DdiHBp74CHPw0Iry7ntaOB4zBYwXxxP1V8vDTNbTsy80eTd_dR4NdxePpvwQLJZJKQejbR0V41UTa4L1rwsN4qJN5G9czDv-P8GkvWj1Ve-VyMNDzTiKyQK6WgK9ZWC50ViGdgB7QX2LqjBAsrqKBZxYhKiGBWmd8B44jvRUECGF&s=1" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://khanfishmeal.blogspot.com/</a></div>
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Naeem Khanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01105118976085963088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2687712819943362944.post-63577048827044555512015-01-13T13:55:00.000-08:002016-11-29T14:19:05.810-08:00Fishermen Catch Huge Numbers of Live Venomous Sea Snakes<img alt="" class="img" height="208" src="https://fbexternal-a.akamaihd.net/safe_image.php?d=AQCg-ebTLCRTlZL-&w=484&h=253&url=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fu%2FTvyamNb-BivtNwpvn7Sct0VFDulyAfA9wBcU0gVHVnqC5ghmcfnbqT3deISCc_sGxgh6hzxLVuFUTeIMYqY%2F&cfs=1" width="400" /><br />
Journey to the Gulf of Thailand to witness the venomous sea snake trade with Emerging Explorer Zoltan Takacs.<br />
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Scientists sound a conservation alarm on the harvest of over 80 tons of sea snakes each year in the Gulf of Thailand.<br />
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By Jane J. Lee</div>
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<a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/">National Geographic</a></div>
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Fishermen wading barefoot through a writhing ball of venomous serpents can pay a high price for participating in the Gulf of Thailand's (<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Gulf+of+Thailand/@9.0901862,101.8600796,6z/data=%214m2%213m1%211s0x30556d048276d88f:0x2a0223bc562eaf80">map</a>) <a href="http://archive.fieldmuseum.org/aquaticsnakes/index.html?_ga=1.181927719.1412964230.1418414053">sea snake</a> harvest. Some die from snakebites, according to a recent study that suggests the snake catch may be one of the biggest hauls of marine reptiles in the world.</div>
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Scientists published <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cobi.12387/abstract">estimates of the catch size </a>in the journal <em>Conservation Biology</em> in December, along with some of the first research documenting who's buying and selling sea snakes and the fishery's indirect role in <a href="http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2012/03/rhino-wars/gwin-text">rhino poaching</a></div>
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Fishermen bitten by their deadly catch believe that drinking ground-up rhino horn—or putting chunks of horn on the wound—can cure them. (See <a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/02/130227-rhino-horns-poaching-south-africa-iucn/">"Why African Rhinos Are Facing a Crisis."</a>)</div>
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<img alt="Picture of a fisherman catching sea snakes" src="http://images.nationalgeographic.com/wpf/media-content/photos/000/875/cache/87596_990x742-cb1420655490.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></div>
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Caught in the glare of artificial lights, these sea snakes are destined for dinner plates and use in traditional medicines.</div>
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Photograph by Zoltan Takacs</div>
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Some scientists are raising concerns about the practice. Little is known about the region's sea snakes, including what species and how many live there, so it's not clear whether the harvest is sustainable.</div>
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An overharvest, these researchers worry, could jeopardize potential medicinal discoveries. Compounds in venom, once processed and administered in controlled amounts, can be beneficial in treating human ailments like heart disease.</div>
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The sea snake catch—a side job for the region's Vietnamese squid fishers—takes in over 80 tons (73 metric tons) of the marine reptile annually. That's roughly 225,500 individual sea snakes per year, valued at over $3 million.</div>
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Fishermen bitten by sea snakes use treatments that contain rhinoceros horn (shown above), which has no proven medical benefits.</div>
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Photograph by Zoltan Takacs</div>
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The fishery of opportunity occurs during squid hunts conducted each lunar cycle before the moon gets too bright.</div>
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Most of the sea snakes end up in China and Vietnam, says the study's lead author <a href="http://www.nationalgeographic.com/explorers/bios/zoltan-takacs/">Zoltan Takacs, </a>whose work was funded by the National Geographic Society. Restaurants use the meat in soups and employ either the whole animal or just its blood in alcoholic beverages.</div>
The snake's organs, including the heart and gallbladder, play central roles in concoctions meant to relieve maladies such as joint pain, anorexia, and insomnia.<br />
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Little is known about sea snakes in the Gulf of Thailand, so researchers aren't sure whether current harvest levels are sustainable.</div>
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Photograph by Zoltan Takacs</div>
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<strong>Lost Medicines?</strong></div>
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Hunting snakes for food or medicinal purposes is nothing new, says John Murphy, a sea snake researcher at the <a href="http://www.fieldmuseum.org/">Field Museum</a> in Chicago. "[And] the Gulf of Thailand harvest seems to be driven by the Chinese market," says the biologist, who was not involved in the study.</div>
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Snakes figure prominently in traditional Chinese medicines, Murphy says. Coupled with the country's strong economy, "the demand for snakes—not just sea snakes—is huge." (See why <a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/special-features/2014/12/141205-myanmar-burma-poachers-endangered-animals/">"China's Expanding Middle Class Fuels Poaching, Decadence in Myanmar."</a>)</div>
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Fishermen handle their highly venomous catch with little or no protection, often wading into pens barefoot and grabbing sea snakes with their bare hands.</div>
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Photograph by Zoltan Takacs</div>
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The demand extends to Western medical practices in other parts of the world, says Takacs, a pharmacologist specializing in animal toxins at ToxinTech in New York City.</div>
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"Out of the top three heart attack medications, two of them come from snake venoms," he says.</div>
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The potential uses of venoms in the sea snakes in the Gulf of Thailand haven't been studied, says Takacs. "So we absolutely have no idea what kind of venoms or toxins we are eating away."</div>
<em>Follow Jane J. Lee on <a href="https://twitter.com/JaneJaeLee">Twitter</a>.</em><br />
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Sea snakes destined for market are sorted by weight and can fetch up to $20 per pound.</div>
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Photograph by Zoltan Takacs</div>
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News Source:<a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/01/150108-sea-snake-gulf-thailand-harvest-animal-ocean-conservation/">http://news.nationalgeographic.com</a></div>
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Naeem Khanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01105118976085963088noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2687712819943362944.post-77067161981884378292014-11-27T13:35:00.000-08:002016-11-29T14:19:05.838-08:00Ban on landing of trash fishes at Karachi Harbour: fish traders' strike enters third day <img alt="Article cover image" class="cover-image" height="228" src="https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/jc/p/8/005/09f/0c4/1789cc3.jpg" width="400" /><br />
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<span class="author">RECORDER REPORT</span><br />
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Fish traders' strike on Wednesday entered third day against official ban
on landing of trash seafood at Karachi Fish Harbour, fishermen said.
Fishermen said the strike reduced the fish and shrimp rates by 50
percent within the last three days, adding that the government and
traders dispute has badly hit their living.
<br /><br />They feared there are several boats anchored at the harbour with
loaded seafood stuff during the last three days. "The seafood stuff
loaded in the boats is likely to decay as the cooling in holds is
gradually losing," fishermen said. The government has suddenly imposed
ban on trash fish and shrimp landing and disallowed all coming boats to
landing their catch. "The policy should be implemented
with consensus and with clear warnings to boats," they noted.
<br /><br />The ordinance, which the government has implemented now, has
been in place for the last 28 years but the authorities paid any head to
the grim situation that the country's seas are facing from growing
seabed trawling. "The government and traders should end their dispute
immediately to facilitate the local fishermen, whose earnings are relied
on sales of fish and shrimp to maintain their families amid growing
inflation," they said.
<br /><br />They said the government continued to spare the sea-lords, who
are using the banned nets for seafood catch in creeks. The nets are so
thin that catch undersized shrimp and fish species which are not fit for
human consumption and sold at cheaper rates as trash stuff. "The
government should evolve fisheries policy keeping in view the world
standards in collaboration with local fishermen and then implement it
effectively and indiscriminately across the coastal belt of Sindh
province," they said.<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-color: #f6f4f4; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 21px;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: navy;"><a href="http://www.brecorder.com/agriculture-a-allied/183:pakistan/1245994:ban-on-landing-of-trash-fishes-at-karachi-harbour-fish-traders-strike-enters-third-day/?date=2014-11-27">News Source</a></span></span><span style="color: navy;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>Naeem Khanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01105118976085963088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2687712819943362944.post-61344437329328821662014-11-25T12:09:00.001-08:002016-11-29T14:19:05.802-08:00Protest and Strike of Fishermen Against Govt: of Sindh Fisheries & Live Stock Department. <img alt="Article cover image" class="cover-image" height="227" src="https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/jc/p/3/005/09e/20f/04a70f5.jpg" width="400" /><br />
Catching and landing of wet fishes and processing of fishmeal have
been stooped in the result of a strike which is being observed under
protest against Sindh Government Fisheries & Live Stock department
for undeclared period. It was decided in a joint meeting of fishermen
& fishmeal manufacturers/ exporters which was held at Ibrahim
Haidri Goth Karachi yesterday against illegal raids over the fishmeal factories/
plants and to seal them by Govt: of Sindh Fisheries & Live Stock
department. It was discussed that despite of restricted through stay
orders by Honorable Sindh High Court Karachi, some officers of Sindh
Govt: have been harassing fishmeal factories/ plants owners and
workers not to process fishmeal alleging that it contains prohibited
fish species catches through illegal fishing nets.<br />
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Fishmeal
is produced automatically or manually from different wild-caught wet/
dried marine fish species which have low weight and reduced size and
they ever remains naturally in their original low live weight from 5 mg
to 200 mg similarly reduced size from 2 inches to 6 inches. The said
wild-caught small marine fish contain a high percentage of bones and
oil, and is usually deemed not suitable for direct human consumption in
Pakistan and worldwide. The fish caught for fishmeal purposes solely are
termed industrial. [<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_meal%5D">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_meal]</a>.
Hence, there is no question of alleged illegal fishing nets and
so-called prohibited fish species arose in the recent issue malafidely
raised by Govt: of Sindh Fisheries & live Stock department.Naeem Khanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01105118976085963088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2687712819943362944.post-29756772616667975612014-04-18T12:26:00.001-07:002016-11-29T14:19:05.778-08:0016-foot great white shark spotted near Australian beachBy:
Tanya Lewis, LiveScience<br />
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<img src="http://www.mnn.com/sites/default/files/great-white.jpg" height="226" width="400" /><br />
Cage diving with great white sharks is one thing. Spotting one at a local beach is quite another! (Photo: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/hermanusbackpackers/3343254977" rel="nofollow">Hermanus Backpackers</a>/Flickr)<br />
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A massive <a href="http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/animals/stories/great-white-sharks-in-ireland">great white shark</a>
has been spotted swimming close to an Australian beach, scaring the
locals and forcing the beach to close, according to news reports.</div>
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The female shark, nicknamed "Joan of Shark" by local fisherman, is
more than 16 feet (5 meters) long and weighs about 1.8 tons (1.6 metric
tons), <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/australia/10768467/Huge-great-white-shark-too-close-for-comfort-near-popular-Australian-beach.html" rel="nofollow">The Telegraph</a> reported.
Signals from a satellite tag on the shark alerted authorities to its
location, and city officials warned residents of Albany, Western
Australia, to stay out of the water.</div>
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Joan was the largest of her kind to be electronically tagged.
Fisheries protection officers injected an external tracking device in
the shark and tracked her for three weeks. They captured the shark again
a week later and placed a more sophisticated tag in her stomach that
will enable the officers to track her for at least a decade, The
Telegraph reported. A network of more than 300 monitors on the seabed
can pinpoint the shark's movements, sending signals via satellite to
warn authorities of her whereabouts. [<a href="http://www.livescience.com/11263-great-white-sharks.html">Image Gallery: Great White Shark Pictures</a>]</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The shark may have smelled a dying humpback whale that was beached
in the area, a spokesman for the state department of fisheries said,
according to The Telegraph.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.ouramazingplanet.com/3268-great-white-sharks.html">Great white sharks</a> are
the largest predatory fishes on the planet. They can reach up to 20
feet (6 m) in length and weigh up to 2.5 tons (2.3 metric tons).</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
They are highly intelligent and curious creatures, with
well-developed senses. They can swim at speeds of up to 15 mph (24
km/h), and can leap completely out of the water when hunting prey. They
attack quickly, from below, and pack a <a href="http://www.livescience.com/9047-great-white-shark-bite-explained.html">powerful, sometimes deadly, bite</a>.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
These massive sharks have 300 teeth, arranged in up to seven rows.
Young great whites feed on fish, rays and other small sharks. Adults
hunt harbor seals, sea lions and elephant seals, or scavenge whale
carcasses for the blubber.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Great whites have been known to attack humans, but not eat them.
Great white sharks have killed a number of swimmers and divers off the
coast of Western Australia in the past four years.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Source: <a href="http://www.mnn.com/"> http://www.mnn.com</a></div>
Naeem Khanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01105118976085963088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2687712819943362944.post-48641287227762432492014-04-14T12:31:00.002-07:002016-11-29T14:19:05.783-08:00Ocean Acidification Could Make Fish Lose Their Fear Of Predators, Study Finds<span>By <a href="http://thinkprogress.org/person/kvalentine/">Katie Valentine</a></span><br />
<span><img alt="shutterstock_113409577" height="299" src="http://thinkprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/shutterstock_113409577-638x478.jpg" width="400" /> </span><br />
<div class="photo-credit">
<span></span>CREDIT: Shutterstock</div>
<div class="photo-credit">
<br /></div>
Add “losing fear of predators” to the long list of impacts acidifying oceans could have on fish and other marine life.<br />
A <a href="http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nclimate2195.html">new study</a>
published in Nature Climate Change has found that elevated CO2 levels
in marine waters make reef fish attracted to the smell of their
predators, rather than being repelled. Researchers looked at multiple
species of reef fish living near natural volcanic CO2 seeps in Papua New
Guinea, an environment the study says is acidified to levels comparable
to projections of what the entire ocean’s acid content will be in the
next 100 years. They compared the behavior of the fish living in the
acidified environment to fish in nearby, less acidified reefs, and found
that, while fish in the nearby control reefs avoided water streams that
contained predator odor, fish from the acidified reef spent 90 percent
of their time in water streams that smelled of their predators.<br />
<span id="trigger-slidedown"></span>
On top of that, fish that lived under high-CO2 conditions were bolder
than other fish — meaning that they emerged more quickly from their
hiding places after a disturbance and ventured farther from their hiding
places than other fish — and couldn’t differentiate the smells of
different habitats. Fish from the control reef spent more than 80
percent of their time in hiding, while two species of damselfish from
the acidified reef spent less than 12 percent of their time in shelter,
and two other fish species studied spent no time in shelter, preferring
to swim in more exposed, open water<br />
Danielle Dixson, assistant professor at Georgia Tech and co-author of
the study, told ThinkProgress that the results of the study were
surprising because scientists long believed that fish would be able to
deal with ocean acidification due to their natural mechanism for coping
with increased levels of CO2. When fish are exposed to high acid
environments, they absorb the acid into their bodies, and to compensate
for the increased acid, they increase the amount of bicarbonate — a base
— their bodies produce.<br />
“The thing that people didn’t really think about was that when they
up-regulate all this bicarbonate, it interacts with neurological
pathways,” Dixson said.<br />
Dixson said that when there’s too much bicarbonate in the fish’s
system, their GABA receptor stops working properly, causing the
cognitive issues the researchers recorded. These effects have major
implications for the future of the ocean ecosystem. The balance of the
acidified reef ecosystem in the study did not suffer as a result of the
cognitive problems of the fish, mainly because there were fewer
predators in the environment and because, when young fish were killed by
predators in the acidified environment, other young fish would migrate
from nearby, less acidified reefs to replace them. But when all the
oceans are at the level of the CO2 seep ecosystem, this replacement from
fish in less acidified waters won’t be an option.<br />
“It is hopeful that there are still fish that live [in the CO2 seep
sites] and that they’re metabolically the same as the fish that live in
the non-CO2 seep site, but the degree of aid that the control sites are
providing the CO2 sites is unknown,” Dixson said. “As the world
acidifies — in 100 years when the ocean is expected to be the equivalent
of a CO2 seep reef — there won’t be these safe havens that can help.”<br />
The study isn’t the first to document ocean acidification’s wide-reaching effects on fish and other marine species. Another <a href="http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2013/08/27/2244321/ocean-acidification-major-threat-marine-life-study-confirms/">study</a>
from August also found that fish could become confused and hyperactive
as acid levels increase in the ocean, and also found evidence that the
metabolism of fish could change. That study also found that when
atmospheric carbon levels reached 500 to 650 parts per million — levels
that are predicted by 2100 — corals, echinoderms (such as starfish),
mollusks and fish were negatively impacted. Researchers have also <a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/09/100928154754.htm">predicted</a>
that ocean acidification could lead to a decline in shellfish, and that
coral will struggle to build its skeleton as acidity rises. The effects
of acidification could be so harmful to coral that Oceana <a href="http://oceana.org/en/our-work/climate-energy/ocean-acidification/learn-act/effect-of-ocean-acidification-on-corals">predicts</a> some species of coral could become functionally extinct within 20 years.<br />
<br />
Source: <a href="http://thinkprogress.org/"> http://thinkprogress.org</a>Naeem Khanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01105118976085963088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2687712819943362944.post-91053556530896811662014-04-08T13:49:00.002-07:002016-11-29T14:19:05.850-08:00Khan Traders Fish Meal — Karachi<h2 class="title-desc">
Ad details</h2>
<div class="title-desc">
Posted by Naeem Khan </div>
<h2 class="title-desc">
<img alt="Pure Fish Meal For Poultry and Animal Feed. ( steam dried )" src="http://images04.olx-st.com/ui/15/43/80/1395524827_619704380_1-Pictures-of--Khan-Traders-Fish-Meal.jpg" height="410" width="447" /></h2>
We feel pride to introduce ourselves as one of the top most
leading manufacturers, processors and suppliers of pure fish meal in
Ibrahim Haidri, the hub of fresh fish and sea food in Karachi Pakistan.<br />
<br />
Khan Traders is an ambitious trading company with an extensive back
ground in preparation of fish meal beside catching fresh fish and sea
foods marketing. Khan Traders is founded on belief
that there is a need for a good trader / supplier which delivers prime
quality Fish Meal to purchaser at competitive price. The Khan Traders
believes on "Best Quality at Right Price".<br />
<br />
During the preparation of Fish Meal, we ensure best product
specification, texture, physical appearance and chemical analysis to
high standard value, to produce a best fish meal for poultry feed as an
ingredient, result in to enhance the poultry feed quality.<br />
<br />
We offer you
our services for purchasing the best quality fish meal. Please give a
chance to serve you by placing order.<br />
<br />
Source: <a href="http://karachi.olx.com.pk/khan-traders-fish-meal-iid-619704380">http://karachi.olx.com.pk/khan-traders-fish-meal-iid-619704380</a>Naeem Khanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01105118976085963088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2687712819943362944.post-88466860509463146192014-03-31T14:51:00.005-07:002016-11-29T14:19:05.845-08:00When male fish turn female!Written by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="http://main.omanobserver.om/?author=35" rel="author" title="View all posts by Oman Observer">Oman Observer</a></span><br />
<br />
<img alt="When male fish turn female!" src="http://main.omanobserver.om/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/1396171294006807000.jpg" height="250" width="400" /><span class="entry-content" itemprop="articleBody"></span><br />
<br />
In what can be
termed as a perfect case of gender-bender among fish, biologists have
found evidence of “feminisation” of male fish in the estuaries in the
Basque coast of Spain. Pollutants acting as oestrogens are responsible
for this phenomenon which, among other changes, is causing ovocytes —
immature ova — to appear in male fish, biologists claimed. The
acquisition of feminine features by male fish has been detected, to a
greater or lesser extent in all the estuaries — not only in the
characteristics of the gonads of the specimens analysed but also in
various molecular markers.<br />
“The results show that endocrine disruption is a phenomenon that has
spread all over our estuaries, which means that, as has been detected in
other countries, we have a problem with pollutants,” explained Miren P
Cajaraville, Director of the group of Cell Biology in Environmental
Toxicology at the University of the Basque Country. The team has
conducted research using thick-lipped grey mullet and has analysed
specimens in seven zones in coastal Spain — Arriluze, Gernika,
Santurtzi, Plentzia, Ondarroa, Deba and Pasaia. The results of the
research were published in the journal Science of the Total Environment
and Marine Environmental Research. — IANS<br />
Source: <a href="http://main.omanobserver.om/">http://main.omanobserver.om</a>Naeem Khanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01105118976085963088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2687712819943362944.post-64986593850230254952014-03-31T14:33:00.004-07:002016-11-29T14:19:05.819-08:00Pollution is disrupting these fish and their genitals<span class="writer">by <a href="http://www.wired.co.uk/search/author/Nicholas+Tufnell" title="View all articles by Nicholas Tufnell">Nicholas Tufnell</a></span><br />
<br />
<img alt="" class=" ssrMultiImg" src="http://cdni.wired.co.uk/1240x826/g_j/grey%20mullet.jpg" data-srcsizedata="{"values":[{"width":620,"height":413,"url":"http://cdni.wired.co.uk/620x413/g_j/grey mullet.jpg"},{"width":1240,"height":826,"url":"http://cdni.wired.co.uk/1240x826/g_j/grey mullet.jpg"},{"width":1920,"height":1280,"url":"http://cdni.wired.co.uk/1920x1280/g_j/grey mullet.jpg"},{"width":458,"height":305,"url":"http://cdni.wired.co.uk/458x305/g_j/grey mullet.jpg"},{"width":281,"height":187,"url":"http://cdni.wired.co.uk/281x187/g_j/grey mullet.jpg"},{"width":195,"height":130,"url":"http://cdni.wired.co.uk/195x130/g_j/grey mullet.jpg"}]}" height="266" width="400" /><br />
<div class="stickyInner">
<br />
<figcaption class="image-caption"><div class="caption-description">
Grey mullet fish have been caught exhibiting female gonads</div>
<span class="image-credits">Shutterstock</span></figcaption><figcaption class="image-caption"><span class="image-credits"> </span> </figcaption></div>
<span class="writer"></span>The gonads of thick-lipped grey mullets are becoming
increasingly feminised in the estuaries of Spain's Basque Country,
according to <a href="http://www.basqueresearch.com/berria_irakurri.asp?Berri_Kod=4986&hizk=I#.Uzlds61dWzd">research</a> carried out by members of the Cell Biology in
Environmental Toxicology group from the University of the Basque
Country. The cause of this feminisation is thought to be due to
certain pollutants, which are increasing oestrogen levels in the
fish.<br />
The specimens tested came from six zones: Arriluze and Gernika
in 2007 and 2008, and since then, Santurtzi, Plentzia, Ondarroa,
Deba and Pasaia. Feminised gonads aren't the mullet's only problem
-- the acquisition of feminine features has also been detected in
various molecular markers.<br />
According to the director of the research group, Miren P.
Cajaraville, the results show that "endocrine disruption is a
phenomenon that has spread all over our estuaries, which means
that, as has been detected in other countries, we have a problem
with pollutants".<br />
The source of these pollutants can be found in products many of
us use every day, including contraceptive pills, perfumes,
detergents and pesticides. The chemicals inside these products
react with the fish, causing endocrine disruption, which can throw
some fish hormones into disarray. There is very little known about
the full effect of these pollutants as they have only recently
appeared in the ecosystem.<br />
According to Cajaraville, "our discoveries are significant,
because they enable us to know how far these pollutants have spread
in our estuaries and rivers and what effects they have; that way,
we will be able to adopt methods to prevent them reaching our
waters, like legal regulations governing their use."<br />
The pollutants, it is thought, have started to appear in these
estuaries as a result of industrial farming and through cleaning
systems in wastewater treatment plants. "Our main hypothesis," says
Cajaraville of the Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve, "is that they come
from the water treatment plant. It was the first place we studied,
and continues to be, by far, responsible for the highest percentage
of recently appearing pollutants."<br />
The results of the research have been published in two papers,
one in the journal of <i>Science of the Total Environment</i> and
the other in the journal of <i>Marine Environmental
Research.</i><br />
<i>Source: <a href="http://www.wired.co.uk/">http://www.wired.co.uk</a></i><br />
<span class="writer"> </span>Naeem Khanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01105118976085963088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2687712819943362944.post-72607487957525690862014-03-28T12:28:00.003-07:002016-11-29T14:19:05.833-08:00Giant Cambrian shrimp fossils discovered in Northern Greenland<h3>
Both Tamisocaris and its cousin had compound eyes that would later
be a defining characteristic of many insects, and also a circular mouth.
</h3>
<h2>
<img alt="Giant Cambrian shrimp fossils discovered in Northern Greenland" class="image_wrap" src="http://www.sciencerecorder.com/news/wp-content/uploads/gentle-giant.jpg" height="216" width="400" /></h2>
<div id="date">
<span class="maintext"><b>Science Recorder</b> | James Sullivan</span> | <span class="date">Thursday, March 27, 2014</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
<br />
On Wednesday, paleontologists announced the discovery of a strange
sea creature that swam the oceans over 520 million years ago, during the
Cambrian explosion, when a stunning array of diversity first appeared
on the Earth. The newly discovered creature, a small filter feeding
arthropod called Tamisocaris, reached 28 inches long. It is a distant
cousin of the famous <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ice47loNmsc" target="_blank">Anomalocaris</a>,
which may have been one of the world’s oldest apex predators, and whose
modern day descendants include centipedes. Although both the
Tamisocaris and Anomalocaris are both members of the classification
group that includes crustaceans, insects, and arachnids, nothing quite
like the Tamisocaris, which was first found in a Greenland shale bed
back in 2009, is alive today.<br />
According to the leader of the study, paleontologist Jakob Vinther
from Britain’s University of Bristol, the Tamisocaris was one of the
largest creatures alive in the Cambrian, making it what Vinther referred
to as a “<a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/2014/03/26/us-science-creature-idINBREA2P1R620140326" target="_blank">gentle giant</a>.”
Although it’s not the same as a whale or a basking shark, it filled a
similar ecological role at the time – using comb-like bristles on its
appendages to trap bits of plankton and zooplankton – small plants and
animals that it would eat, sucking the pieces into its mouth, rather
than hunting and stalking prey.<br />
The Anomalocaris possessed a similar pair of spiny, grasping
appendages by its mouth, but with the purpose of catching prey, such as
trilobites and small jawless fish. Both Tamisocaris and its cousin had
compound eyes that would later be a defining characteristic of many
insects, and also a circular mouth. Although legless, it had a number
of flaps down its back that made swimming movements possible.<br />
What is significant is that the adaptation of filter feeding may
suggest insights into how the similar development happened in whales,
which are also plankton feeders, as well as <a href="http://www.planetinverts.com/African_Filter_Shrimp.html" target="_blank">crustaceans</a>,
some of which grow fairly large but feed primarily with spiny
appendages like Tamilocaris. Both animals lived alongside primitive
shellfish, jellyfish, and starfish, as well as jawless fish and a
diverse array of trilobites, but the existence of Tamilocaris suggests a
greater deal of diversity may have existed among arthropods than was
previously thought and that the Cambrian age was home to a number of
species that have yet to be discovered.<br />
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
Source: http:/<a href="http://www.sciencerecorder.com/">/www.sciencerecorder.com</a></div>
</div>
Naeem Khanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01105118976085963088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2687712819943362944.post-69013778153785531782014-03-28T12:04:00.001-07:002014-04-05T13:35:44.665-07:00 Dead on arrival: Fishermen auction 5-metre-long whale shark<i>Published in The Express Tribune,</i><br />
<img alt="" src="http://i1.tribune.com.pk/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/687756-copy-1395856759-912-640x480.jpg" height="300" width="400" /><br />
Residents gather around a whale shark after it was brought to Karachi’s
fish harbour after it was enmeshed by a shrimp trawler in Balochistan.
PHOTO: REUTERS<br />
<br />
<b><b class="location">KARACHI: </b>A five-metre-long
whale shark, which was enmeshed by a shrimp trawler in Balochistan, was
brought dead to Karachi on Wednesday, where its pieces were auctioned.</b><br />
The female whale shark was tangled at Phor near Sonmiani. “Soon after
its arrival, the fishermen cut it into pieces and auctioned it,” said
World Wildlife Fund (WWF)-Pakistan director Rab Nawaz.<br />
“This is an endangered species under the Convention of International
Trade and Endangered Species,” he said. “But some cruel people killed it
and sold its pieces at throwaway prices. There is no law in Pakistan to
protect the shark and take action against the people who violate it.”<br />
<img alt="" src="http://i1.tribune.com.pk/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Muhammad-Moazzam-Khan.jpg" height="98" width="400" /><br />
WWF-Pakistan has been advocating for the inclusion of this species in
Schedule-I of the Wildlife Act of Sindh and Balochistan so that it’s
enmeshing, trade and utilisation in any form can be banned. “India has
already made the law but we are still waiting.”<br />
The whale shark is found in tropical and subtropical waters of the
ocean. It is commonly found in Pakistan. In fact, the first account of
their organised fishing is from Pakistan. Luckily this fishery in
Pakistan was stopped in the early 1970’s.<br />
Muhammad Moazzam Khan, the former director-general of the fisheries
department, stressed on the need to protect whale sharks because the
Northern Arabian Sea, bordering the coast of Pakistan, is one of the
world’s most important feeding, basking and breeding grounds for them.
There are only a few places in the world, including Pakistan and India,
where documented records of their breeding are available.<br />
“The whale shark is not consumed in Pakistan but its meat is used for
fish meal, the liver is used to extract oil for smearing the hull of
fishing vessels and the fins are exported illegally to Hong Kong and
China for shark fin soup,” he explained. The fishermen who sold its
pieces on Wednesday hardly fetched more than Rs20,000. “This practice
should be discouraged by the government.”<br />
Umair Shahid, who has been working in marine fishing for a long time,
suggested there should be collaboration between the academia,
conservation organisations and fishermen to work towards the
conservation of threatened animals. “There is no comprehensive research
on biology and other aspects of marine animals,” he said. “All
stakeholders should take the necessary steps to protect endangered
animals whose population is seriously declining in Pakistan.” He
suggested transforming fishing gears to improve fisheries’ management
and complying with internationally binding agreements, which Pakistan is
a signatory to.<br />
“During the last eight months, four such entrapped whale sharks have
been released by the fishermen following an awareness campaign started
by WWF-Pakistan,” recalled Khan. “We demand the government to make
strict laws and take action against those who kill such endangered
species.”<br />
Source:<a href="http://tribune.com.pk/"> http://tribune.com.pk</a>Naeem Khanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01105118976085963088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2687712819943362944.post-67229416307021019152014-03-26T12:53:00.001-07:002014-03-26T12:53:13.156-07:00Profile and Products of Khan Traders Fish Meal<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<span class="userContent"> By Naeem Khan</span><br />
<br />
<span class="userContent">We are pleased to introduce ourselves under
the title of "KHAN TRADERS" dealing with poultry and animal feed. We
are one of the top most national companies, manufacturing, processing
and supplying best quality fish meal to our numerous valu<span class="text_exposed_show">ed
customers since 1988. To stay for such a long span of time in the sales
field reflects a bright and appreciable image of our company itself.
KHAN TRADERS enjoys admirable reputation in Sindh and Punjab markets
under their coverage.<br /> <br /> Attaining high level is not a hallmark
until and unless quality of product and growth of business is not
maintained persistently. we, by the grace of ALLAH and support of our
prestigious buyers, are moving ahead from day-one. We have not only
broaden the business boundaries but have also enhanced the clientele.<br /> <br />
Services of a team of professional are being utilized to ensure best
specification, texture, physical appearance and desirable chemical
result of the product while processing and manufacturing. A regular and
periodic system of getting the product tested in Labs of well repute in
different processing stages is already exercised ensuring conformity
with the desired high standard.<br /> <br /> With the best quality products
at a very reasonable rate. Please do contact us for any further details.
looking forward to have a business deal with you in the times to come.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span class="userContent"><span class="text_exposed_show">Our Products:</span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://fbcdn-sphotos-e-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-prn2/t1.0-9/1926914_422138217929879_2074963789_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" class="spotlight" height="400" src="https://fbcdn-sphotos-e-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-prn2/t1.0-9/1926914_422138217929879_2074963789_n.jpg" style="height: 250px; width: 250px;" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sample No. 1 Best Quality Fish Meal</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="spotlight" height="400" src="https://fbcdn-sphotos-g-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-frc3/t1.0-9/10001584_422138504596517_861317700_n.jpg" style="height: 200px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 200px;" width="400" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sample No. 2. Best Quality Fish Meal</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br /><span class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" id="fbPhotoSnowliftCaption" tabindex="0"><span class="hasCaption">Khan
Trader’s fish meal is baked by research, state of art production
process and high standers of quality. To ensure supreme quality product,
we all the time obtained laboratory reports before, after and during
the processing.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" id="fbPhotoSnowliftCaption" tabindex="0"><span class="hasCaption">With strong emphasis on developments and quality
control, our highly qualified and trained staff deliver challenging task
of quality production by marketing our products ai<span class="text_exposed_show">med
at providing best quality and entire satisfaction of its valuable
clients. During the preparation of Fish Meal, we ensure best product
specification, texture, physical appearance and chemical analysis to
high standard value, to produce a best fish meal for poultry feed as an
ingredient, result in to enhance the poultry feed quality. Complete
detail will be provided on request.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
Source:<a href="http://www.facebook.com/KhanTradersKarachi">www.facebook.com/KhanTradersKarachi</a>Naeem Khanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01105118976085963088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2687712819943362944.post-55852615610189634462014-03-24T13:41:00.003-07:002014-03-24T13:52:29.109-07:00Gulf of Mexico fisheries are among the “dirtiest fisheries” in new report<h2>
The Gulf feels the impact of fishing policies. </h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
<img alt="Gulf of Mexico fisheries are among the “dirtiest fisheries” in new report" class="image_wrap" src="http://www.sciencerecorder.com/news/wp-content/uploads/gulf.jpg" /><br />
<br />
Fishing frequently exacts some collateral damage—other marine
wildlife besides the targeted fish species get ensnared in the fishnets
and traps. This “bycatch,” as conservationists call it, is a bigger
problem at some fisheries than others. Oceana, a marine-conservation
nonprofit, has quantified the bycatch incidence fishery by fishery
across the United States and identified the worst offenders <a href="http://www.nola.com/environment/index.ssf/2014/03/gulf_shrimp_and_long-line_fish.html">in a new report, “Wasted Catch.”</a><br />
The Gulf of Mexico is home to several of the “dirtiest fisheries,”
the report’s unflattering name for fisheries where bycatch rates are
highest. The number-one spot went to the Southeast Shrimp Trawl Fishery,
which discards 229 million pounds of bycatch from its boats every year.
The Southeast Snapper-Grouper Longline Fishery took second place with
6.4 million pounds of bycatch discarded annually. Another fishery that
runs through the Gulf of Mexico and into the Atlantic and targets tuna,
swordfish, and shark, is in eighth place.<br />
Plenty of fisheries beyond the Gulf stand out for heavy bycatch, as
well. The Northeast Bottom Trawl Fishery, with 50 million pounds of
bycatch; the Gulf of Alaska Flatfish Trawl Fishery, with 34.5 million;
and the Mid-Atlantic Bottom Trawl Fishery, with 9.4 million; also made
the top-nine list.<br />
The report relied on data from the National Bycatch Report, which the
National Marine Fisheries Service published in September 2011 and then
re-published with updated information in December 2013. Oceana analyzed
the data from both editions.<br />
Bycatch that is thrown back into the water is usually maimed or dead,
and as such, fishing can put many more species in jeopardy than the
ones that the fisheries are actively trying to catch. Sea turtles are
frequent bycatch victims at the Gulf shrimp trawl fishery, for instance.
Oceana’s report identifies that fishery as the cause of about 50,000
sea turtle deaths every year.<br />
High bycatch also upsets food chains, as the wildlife that are killed
include predators that keep other sea-faring populations in check. The
Southeast Snapper-Grouper Longline Fishery’s discards, which amounted to
30% of all the fish that it had captured, included large numbers of
bluefin tuna, swordfish, and sharks.<br />
It is possible to reduce bycatch by using modified fishing equipment,
or by restricting fishing activity during certain times of the year.
Turtle-excluder devices, for example, can reduce turtle deaths when
fitted onto shrimp trawls.<br />
In February, Oceana and several allied environmental groups wrote to
the National Marine Fisheries Service announcing that they intended to
sue to require the Gulf of Mexico’s fisheries to install turtle-excluder
devices onto their shrimp trawls. Meanwhile, the federal agency has
proposed new regulations that would prohibit long-line fishing in
certain areas of the Gulf in April and May, the months when bluefin tuna
come to the Gulf to spawn.<br />
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Source: http://<a href="http://www.sciencerecorder.com/">www.sciencerecorder.com</a><a href="http://www.sciencerecorder.com/">www.sciencerecorder.com</a></div>
</div>
Naeem Khanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01105118976085963088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2687712819943362944.post-1772185858088921492014-03-20T13:48:00.003-07:002014-03-20T13:50:06.503-07:00U.S. Commercial Fisheries Are Killing Lots Of Dolphins<br />
<img alt="032014dolphins.jpg" src="http://gothamist.com/attachments/nyc_nellcasey/032014dolphins.jpg" height="266" width="400" /><i><span class="photo_caption"> </span></i><br />
<i><span class="photo_caption">(<a href="http://www.shutterstock.com/gallery-324673p1.html" target="_blank" title="Opens in a new window">Willyam Bradberry</a>/<a href="http://www.shutterstock.com/index-in.mhtml" target="_blank" title="Opens in a new window">Shutterstock</a>)</span></i><br />
<br />
International ocean conservation organization <a href="http://oceana.org/en" target="_blank" title="Opens in a new window">Oceana</a>, a vocal watchdog of our planet's aquatic life, has <a href="http://oceana.org/en/news-media/publications/reports/wasted-catch-unsolved-problems-in-us-fisheries" target="_blank" title="Opens in a new window">released its latest study</a>
on wasted catch in U.S. fisheries. The results aren't pretty. Wasted
catch, or bycatch as it's also known, refers to non-target fish and
wildlife inadvertently swept up mostly by open ocean trawl, longline and
gillnet-type fisheries. The organization estimates that approximately
20% of the U.S. catch is thrown away each year.<br />
"Hundreds of thousands of dolphins, whales, sharks, sea birds, sea
turtles and fish needlessly die each year as a result of indiscriminate
fishing gear," explains report author and Oceana marine scientist Amanda
Keledjian. "It’s no wonder that bycatch is such a significant problem,
with trawls as wide as football fields, longlines extending up to 50
miles with thousands of baited hooks and gillnets up to two miles long."
Of the many fisheries operating, Oceana called out the top nine "dirty"
fisheries, who all together threw away nearly 50% of their catch and
were responsible for "more than 50 percent of all reported bycatch in
the U.S."<br />
<br />
<i><span class="photo_caption"> </span></i><img alt="032014fishmap.jpg" src="http://gothamist.com/attachments/nyc_nellcasey/032014fishmap.jpg" height="414" width="640" /><i><span class="photo_caption"><a href="http://oceana.org/sites/default/files/Bycatch_Map_FINAL_hires.pdf" target="_blank" title="Opens in a new window">Click for larger version</a></span></i><br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null">Of those nine, three currently operate in New York waters, including two bottom trawl fisheries and one gillnet fishery. </a><a href="http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdfs/fisheries/2011final/northeast_bottom_trawl.pdf" target="_blank" title="Opens in a new window">Northeast Bottom Trawl</a> discards 35% of its catch, estimated at approximately 50 million pounds of fish annually. The <a href="http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdfs/fisheries/2011final/mid-atlantic_bottom_trawl.pdf" target="_blank" title="Opens in a new window">Mid-Atlantic Bottom Trawl</a>
discards 33%, with an alleged 200 marine mammals and 350 sea turtles
captured or killed annually. Finally, the New England & Mid-Atlantic
Gillnet Fishery discards just 16% of its catch but was responsible for
capturing 1,200 endangered sturgeon and more than 2,000 dolphins,
porpoises and seals in one year.<br />
“Anything can be bycatch,” says Oceana campaign director Dominique
Cano-Stocco. “Whether it’s the thousands of sea turtles that are caught
to bring you shrimp or the millions of pounds of cod and halibut that
are thrown overboard after fishermen have reached their quota, bycatch
is a waste of our ocean’s resources." The bycatch problem can be
remedied if steps are taken to ban <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillnetting#Drift_nets" target="_blank" title="Opens in a new window">drift gillnets</a> and other trawling methods or avoiding what the organization calls "bycatch hotspots." <br />
Oceana is calling upon the federal government to institute counting
methods, mandate cleaner fishing methods and cap wasted catch "using
scientifically based limits."<br />
Source: <a href="http://gothamist.com/"> http://gothamist.com</a><br />
<br />Naeem Khanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01105118976085963088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2687712819943362944.post-68408717211552431152014-03-19T12:44:00.002-07:002014-03-19T12:49:04.692-07:00EP committee approves three fishing protocols in the Indian Ocean <b><img align="left" border="0" src="http://www.fis.com/fis/gif/flags/32/eu.png" style="margin: -3px 3px 3px 3px;" />EUROPEAN UNION</b><br />
<br />
<b> </b><img border="0" src="http://www.fis.com/fis/worldnews/images/43760_350x270_72_DPI_0.jpg" height="307" width="400" /><br />
Spanish tuna vessels. (Photo Credit: La Moncloa Gobierno de España)<br />
<br />
The Fisheries Committee of the European Parliament (EP) Tuesday
approved three new fisheries protocol with Seychelles, Comoros and
Madagascar, which will benefit the Community tuna fleet, mainly from
Spain, Portugal and France.<br />
The fisheries protocol with Seychelles, for which the EU will pay a
financial contribution of EUR 30.7 million, covers a period of six
years. It will benefit 40 purse seiners -- 22 of Spanish origin, 16
French ones and 2 Italian vessels --, and 6 long liners, which may
operate in the EEZ of the archipelago.<br />
Fishing opportunities for longliners shall be divided equally among the Spanish, French and Portuguese fleets.<br />
This protocol has been provisionally implemented since 18 January, 2014.<br />
Regarding the agreement with Madagascar, the protocol is valid for
two years (2013-2014) and provides fishing opportunities for 96 vessels
(40 tuna seiners and 56 surface longliners).<br />
The total financial contribution from the EU amounts to EUR 3
million, of which EUR 550,000 will be used to boost the fishing industry
in Madagascar (EUR 328,000 more than the amount provided in 2007-2012
protocol). Fishing opportunities will primarily benefit fleets from
Spain, Portugal and France.<br />
Finally, with regard to the Comoros protocol, its implementation
covers a period of three years since 1 January, 2014, and the total EU
financial contribution amounts to EUR 1.8 million. It provides fishing
opportunities to 62 vessels (42 tuna seiners and 20 surface longliners),
mostly of Spanish, Portuguese and French origin.<br />
The three protocols must be approved by the full European Parliament,
which has been scheduled to take place in its April session. <br />
<i><br />
Source: <a href="http://www.fis.com/">http://www.fis.com/</a></i><br />
<br />Naeem Khanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01105118976085963088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2687712819943362944.post-49160407248109163622014-03-16T13:01:00.002-07:002014-03-16T13:04:29.647-07:00Fishmeal in Poultry Diets: Understanding the production of this valuable feed ingredient 1<h1>
<img alt="" class="preview-image" height="400" src="http://m.c.lnkd.licdn.com/media-proxy/ext?w=150&h=150&f=&hash=N%2FE2UIzI6b43HG0tv7DfaBtekMM%3D&ora=1%2CaFBCTXdkRmpGL2lvQUFBPQ%2CxAVta9Er0UGrmBkT2FIi76POpEKx40JUCpbUF23zGDrKldSFY3bse8Xefbqky1wTey0EkgYze-etQjPhF5C8RIvqfZRwjpf7ftCz" width="400" /></h1>
<div id="byline">
Richard D. Miles and Jacqueline P. Jacob<sup><a href="http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ps007#FOOTNOTE_2">2</a></sup><br />
</div>
High
quality fishmeal is recognized by animal nutritionists as an excellent
source of protein, energy, minerals and vitamins. Worldwide, millions
of tons of fishmeal are produced annually. The majority of the fishmeal
produced is included in commercial diets for poultry, swine, dairy
cattle, mink and fish. <br />
Good quality fishmeal demands a higher
price than other high protein feedstuffs. Its proper use, however,
requires a knowledge of not only its nutrient profile but of how it was
produced. An understanding of fishmeal production will give users a
better understanding of how the various factors interact to influence
the quality of fishmeal. <br />
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="SECTION_1"></a><br />
<h2>
What Types of Fish are Used? </h2>
Fishmeal can be made from almost any type of fish but is generally
manufactured from two main types. These two types of fish differ both
in their ability to store oil as well as where in the body oil is
stored. <br />
The first type includes a group referred to as "lean
fish." This includes such species as cod and haddock. In these species
the oil is stored primarily in the liver. The flesh (fillets) contain
very little oil. Fishmeal from this type of fish has a low oil content
(2 to 6%) since the livers are removed beforeprocessing. Of course, if
the livers are added back, or the whole fish is used, the oil content
would be higher. The whole fish is not usually used since cod and
haddock are prized for the fillets. Since the fillets are used for
human consumption, the fishmeal from these lean fish are made
principally from the offal (white fish frames) remaining after
filleting. "White" fishmeal commonly contains a higher concentration of
ash (minerals) since the bony frames (head and racks) of previously
filleted cod, haddocks, etc. are used. White fishmeal constitutes only
10% of the world fishmeal production. <br />
The second type of fish
used to manufacture fishmeal stores oil in certain parts of the flesh.
They are high oil fish and, unlike the lean fish, are not prized for
their fillets. They are commonly referred to as "industrial fish."
Such species as herring, menhaden, anchovy, pilchard, sardines and
mackerel fall into this category. Approximately 90% of the world
fishmeal production is from these high oil species. <br />
Most species
of fish used for the production of fishmeal have a similar protein
content that averages approximately 16% in the whole fish. This whole
body protein content will vary by only plus or minus 2 to 3%. The
fishmeal derived from these fish will, therefore, all be fairly similar
in protein content. Theoil (fat) content in fish species is much more
variable than their protein content. The amount of oil in fishmeal is
directly dependent on the efficiency of the oil removal at the time of
processing. <br />
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="SECTION_2"></a><br />
<h2>
Where are the Fish Processed? </h2>
Fish can be processed at sea in factory ships or caught and stored
until they are transported to a coastal processing factory. Fish is a
highly perishable raw material and spoilage will occur if not processed
in a timely manner. Preservation using chemicals, ice or refrigerated
sea water is common. <br />
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="SECTION_3"></a><br />
<h2>
How are the Fish Processed? </h2>
Fishmeal is made by cooking, pressing, drying and grinding the fish.
When no oil needs to be removed, such as with lean fish, the pressing
stage is often omitted. During cooking, the fish move through a long,
steam-jacketed, screw conveyor cylinder. Cooking coagulates the
proteins and is a critical process responsible for sterilizing the
product and preparing it for liquor (a mixture of oil, water and
protein) removal. Once cooked, the liquor is removed by pressing. The
solid residue that remains after pressing is called "presscake." The
liquor is centrifuged to remove the oil. This oil is often further
refined before being transported to storage tanks. Prior to storage, it
is essential to add an antioxidant. The antioxidant will stabilize the
oil so that oxygen will not cause damage during storage. The stored
oil must not come into contact with air, heat or light in order for its
quality to be maintained until it can be incorporated into feeds for
poultry, pets, fish or other uses. <br />
The liquid removed from
presscake is referred to in the processing industry as "stickwater."
This liquid may contain as much as 20% soluble protein and is
valuable. The stickwater is evaporated to a thick syrup containing 30
to 50% solids. This material can be sold as "condensed fish solubles"
or it can be added back to the presscake and dried with it. Therefore,
one can purchase presscake meal or a whole meal (where all of the
solubles have been added back). <br />
The meals are then dried so that
the moisture content is low enough to allow the meal to be stored and
transported without mold or bacterial growth. If overdrying occurs, the
meal can be scorched and the nutritional value of the meal will be
adversely affected. Drying can be either direct or indirect. Direct
drying is the most rapid and requires very hot air to be passed over the
meal as it is rapidly tumbled in a cylindrical drum. If this process
is not carefully controlled the fishmeal may be scorched. Indirect
drying requires a steam-jacketed cylinder or a cylinder containing
steam-heated discs which tumble the meal. <br />
Once the fishmeal is
dried it has to be ground, screened to the correct particle size, packed
in bags or stored in silos for bulk delivery to companies throughout
the world. <br />
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="SECTION_4"></a><br />
<h2>
What Type of Fishmeal is Commonly Produced in the U.S.A.? </h2>
In the U.S.A., the majority of the fishing industry is in the Gulf of
Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. The main industrial fish harvested is
menhaden. In fact, 98% of the fish oil produced in the U.S.A. is from
menhaden, a high oil species. The oil is considered by fish processors
to be a by-product of fishmeal production. This is just the opposite
viewpoint taken by soybean processors. These processors consider the
soybean meal to be a by-product of oil production. No matter which
viewpoint is taken, however, both "by-products" have an important place
in animal diets. <br />
Smaller quantities of fishmeal produced in the
U.S.A. are made from herring, redfish, and white fish. This fishmeal is
low in oil, and comparatively higher in ash than the fishmeal from
menhaden because of the relatively large amount of bone it contains
compared to the amount of muscle. <br />
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="SECTION_5"></a><br />
<h2>
How Can You Identify Good Quality Fishmeal? </h2>
Good quality fishmeal is a brown powder which will average between
60% and 70% protein. The oil content in the meal will range from 2% to
greater than 14%. The moisture level will commonly range from 6 to 12%.
The ash content will range from 18% (more common for an industrial
fishmeal) to 25% (more common for a white fish meal). <br />
The odor of
fishmeal, as would be expected, is that of fish. It is easily
distinguished from other ingredients. If an acrid "scorched" smell is
present this usually indicates overheating or scorching. If this
occurs, a blackish dark-brown color is common and the quality of protein
is usually affected in a negative manner. <br />
<div id="footnotes">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="footnotes"></a><br />
<h3>
Footnotes</h3>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="FOOTNOTE_1"></a>1. <br />
This document is PS12, one of a
series of the Animal Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension
Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of
Florida. Original publication date February 1997. Reviewed March 2011.
Visit the EDIS website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu.<br />
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="FOOTNOTE_2"></a>2. <br />
Richard D. Miles, professor,
Dairy and Poultry Sciences, and Jacqueline P. Jacob, poultry extension
coordinator, Dairy and Poultry Sciences, Cooperative Extension Service,
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida,
Gainesville, 32611.</div>
<hr />
<div class="footnote">
The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
(IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide
research, educational information and other services only to individuals
and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to
race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation,
marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. For
more information on obtaining other UF/IFAS Extension publications,
contact your county's UF/IFAS Extension office.
<br />
<br />
U.S. Department of Agriculture, UF/IFAS
Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A & M
University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County
Commissioners Cooperating. Nick T. Place, dean for UF/IFAS Extension.<br />
<br />
Source: <a href="http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ps007"> http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ps007</a></div>
Naeem Khanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01105118976085963088noreply@blogger.com0